Walpurgisnacht: Tracing Traditions Across Northern Europe

Walpurgisnacht: Tracing Traditions Across Northern Europe

Walpurgisnacht: Tracing Traditions Across Northern Europe

On April 30th, the convergence of pagan and Christian traditions unfolds in the celebration of Walpurgisnacht. This holiday, dedicated to the Christian Saint Walpurga, takes numerous forms across Northern Europe. From ancient pagan origins to modern interpretations, Walpurgisnacht marks the transition into May and the triumphant arrival of springtime.

What are the origins of Walpurgisnacht?

Translated from German, Walpurgisnacht means “Walpurgis Night”, and was named after the Christian Saint Walpurga. Born in Anglo-Saxon England, Walpurga traveled to Germany to evangelize to pagans, and she was celebrated as a figure who warded off plague, pestilence, and witchcraft. She was canonized as a Saint on May 1st although her feast day is traditionally celebrated on the evening of April 30th into the early morning of May 1st. 

Pagans in these areas already celebrated May Day or Beltane around this time, so Walpurga’s feast day naturally took on many of the aspects of these more ancient pagan rituals. Christians celebrated Walpurgisnacht by lighting bonfires, which were thought to keep the evil spirits away and usher in the warmth of Spring. In Bavaria, the night is called “Hexennacht” or literally “Witch’s Night”. It is believed that on this night, witches travel to the Brocken mountain and commune with the Devil at midnight. 

What happens on Walpurgisnacht?

Different regions have varying ways of celebrating Walpurgisnacht or Hexennacht. Taking place six months after Halloween, it is thought that this night is the Devil’s last chance for mischief before the light of Spring comes to clear away the darkness. In almost all regions, bonfires are lit as part of the celebrations. In parts of Northern Europe, the townspeople dress up as witches, dance, and sing into the early morning hours. It is thought that making such a raucous in the town will ward off any evil spirits that wish to cause harm. Practical jokes and general mischief are also a big part of the celebrations.

On the more spiritual side, individuals will hang blessed sprigs of foliage in their barns and homes for protection. They will also leave out pieces of bread and honey, called ankenschnitt, for phantom hounds that haunt gates and crossroads while the veil is thin. 

How can you celebrate Walpurgisnacht or Hexennacht? 

At the heart of this holiday is fire, fertility, and the welcoming of the light half of the year. 

If you are a Christian witch, you may choose to celebrate the feast day of Saint Walpurgis, who protects her patrons from evil spirits. Pagan witches may choose to celebrate “Hexennacht” as they do in Bavaria. For many modern witches, this night is about celebrating our power and the witchcraft tradition as a whole. This is an excellent time to gather with your fellow witches and embrace the changing seasons. Dress up in your finest garb and sing and dance into the early hours of May 1st. If bonfires are not possible where you live, light a hearth fire, or even consider practicing some candle magic. Walpurgisnacht or Hexennacht is the perfect holiday to kick off your Beltane celebrations, which we will discuss in our next blog post. In the meantime, you can gather all your Walpurgisnact supplies from our online store or visit us in person at our brick-and-mortar in Asheville. 

Informative Witchcraft Blogs

  • Hekate’s Torch: Honouring the Goddess of Witchcraft

    Hekate’s Torch: Honouring the Goddess of Witchcraft

    As the long nights of winter approach, the torch-bearing goddess Hekate appears to us. She is the keeper of the crossroads, the guardian of thresholds, and the guide through shadowed places. November 16th marks a night of venerating this ancient goddess of death, magic, and liminal spaces—a time to honor her as the green life of summer fades and the earth sinks into dormancy. In this darkening season, we call upon Hekate to light the path ahead and to shield us as we move through the frozen stillness of winter.

    Hekate the Lightbringer

    Hekate is often depicted holding a pair of blazing torches, their flames illuminating what lies hidden in the darkness. In Greek mythology, she is the only deity who retained her power when Zeus divided the heavens, earth, and sea—a testament to her strength and autonomy. Her torches appear throughout myth: most famously, she uses them to guide Demeter through the night as the grieving mother searches for Persephone. In this way, Hekate becomes a literal and spiritual light-bringer—one who leads the lost and the sorrowful toward understanding and transformation.

    Over time, Hekate also became linked to the moon, her triple form representing the lunar phases: maiden, mother, and crone. Each face of Hekate corresponds to a stage of the moon’s cycle and to a stage of life itself—birth, maturity, and death, perpetually turning. Her connection to the moon and torches alike reminds us that even in the darkest night, illumination can be found.

    Mullein Torches

    Just as Hekate’s torches pierce the night, so too can the humble Mullein plant be transformed into a source of flame and protection. Mullein is a soft, velvety herb long associated with healing, purification, and banishing negativity. Folk names include Candlewick Plant, Hag’s Taper, and Witch’s Taper—titles that speak to its magical nature and practical use. The tall, dried stalks of Mullein can be dipped in wax or oil to create natural torches, while the fluffy leaves were once used as lamp wicks.

    Traditionally, Mullein has been burned to ward off evil spirits, cleanse sacred space, and promote health and vitality. The herb carries the energy of fire and light, making it a perfect offering or tool in workings that invoke Hekate. At Asheville Raven & Crone, Mullein Tapers are crafted and used for a variety of magical purposes—from protection spells to seasonal rituals of renewal and illumination.

    Invoking Hekate’s Light

    As we journey into the dark half of the year, we can welcome Hekate’s guiding flame into our homes. Lighting a Mullein torch in her honor is both a devotional act and a practical charm. Use it to purify your space, to banish unwelcome energies, and to petition the Goddess’s protection. 

    Let your Mullein torch stand as a symbol of Hekate’s eternal flame—a reminder that the goddess lights the way even in the deepest night. With her torches burning brightly beside us, we move forward through winter not in fear, but in knowing that the light will always return.

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  • Enodia: Hekate of the Crossroads

    Enodia: Hekate of the Crossroads

    Apotropaia, Propulaia, Triodia, Kleidouchos, and Enodia: these are all epithets designated to Hekate, the Hellenic goddess ruling over roads, thresholds, ghosts, the underworld, and much more. “Enodia” is the first epithet used in the Orphic hymn to Hekate, denoting its importance: “I call Hekate of the Crossroads, worshipped at the meeting of three paths, oh lovely one.”

    Enodia or Ἐνοδία translates to “travel” or “in the road”; it is most commonly understood as “of the crossroads” when used in relation to Hekate. This epithet is used when referring to Hekate as a protective guide, and is deeply connected to crossroads, nocturnal travel over land, and protection for travelers. As Enodia, Hekate is Goddess of the night, guidance, protection of the home from outside dangers, the restless dead, and witchcraft. Due to her protective powers and her rulership of roads, images of Hekate were commonly erected at entrances of cities and along busy roads in ancient Greece. 

    How did Hecate come to be known as Enodia?

    As with many pagan deities, Hekate gained her Enodia characteristics through conflation and syncretism with other deities. Enodia is actually a distinct Thessalian goddess with cults across Thessaly, a region on the northeast coast of ancient Greece. She was also called Goddess of Pherai, the center of her most prominent cult.  The Thessalian Ennodia ruled over roads, ghosts, funeral rites, and the sovereignty of cities and groups of people. Due to similar rulership and attributes, Thessalian Ennodia became absorbed into the worship of Hekate across the wider ancient Greek religion.

    Hekate Enodia is best represented in the Homeric myth of Persephone. Hekate observed from her cave the moment Persephone was kidnapped and alerted Demeter. Being the torch-bearing goddess, Hekate helped in the search for Persephone. Once she was found, it was Hekate who guided Persephone out of the underworld, being a liminal goddess who can travel freely between worlds. 

    Enodia in our Modern World

    In many ways, Hekate Enodia is the center of our modern renaissance of Hekatean worship, possessing characteristics that are attractive to modern pagans. As magic practices become more popular, naturally, we would propitiate the Hellenic goddess of witchcraft. Furthermore, being “of the road” can imply being an outsider, intentionally cloistered, or even having nefarious intent, as it contrasts with those who choose to stay within the safety of the home. As a female deity who freely roams liminal spaces, Enodia can represent liberation from patriarchal norms. These aspects speak to the witchy and pagan community as we choose a life path that exists outside of patriarchal standards. 

    As we journey into the dark half of the year, you may call upon Hekate Enodia for spiritual guidance and protection. Samhain, the witch’s new year, is a great time to perform a home cleansing and protection ritual. As you waft incense or herbal smoke through your home, petition Hekate for her protection through the darkness of winter. Another powerful tool for your altar is the mineral Vivianite, known as the “crystal of death”. Vivianite is a mineral found in places of decay, such as graves and bogs. It is formed from decomposed bones, teeth, and iron-rich peat. Vivianite is a transformational mineral, and great for banishing negative energy. Its association with death and decomposition (transformation) makes it a powerful tool for working with Hekate. You can find vivianite, along with all your other spellwork supplies, in our Asheville shop or in our online store.  

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