What is Samhain? Unearth the Ancient Fire Festival

The Jack-O-Lantern is a tradition rooted in Samhain rituals.

What is Samhain? Unearth the Ancient Fire Festival

Following the Autumn Equinox, the ancient pagan world celebrated many holidays, and the next in our series is Samhain, one of the Celtic fire festivals. Samhain marks the end of the harvest season and the transition to the barren winter. Celebrated on and around November 1st, it is the traditional Celtic New Year. Although it is often associated with the modern Halloween, its roots are in ancient Celtic beliefs surrounding death, the supernatural, and the cycles of nature.

Origins of Samhain

Samhain is one of four Celtic fire festivals, and shares many of the same significations and traditions as Imbolc, Beltaine, and Lughnasadh. Some sources say that Samhain was the only mandatory fire festival for all townspeople. The ancient Celts used this festival to petition for protection over their harvest and livestock, which would have been put away for winter storage by Samhain. 

A large bonfire would be lit at night to drive away evil spirits. At the end of the festival, everyone would light a torch with the Samhain fire and re-light their hearths with it, taking home the protective powers of the bonfire. The Celts believed at Samhain, the veil between the physical and spiritual worlds thinned, and communication between the two became easier and more tangible. As a result, they would wear disguises or costumes to avert evil or avoid the unwanted attention of spirits and ghosts, as otherworldly beings were known to kidnap humans from the physical world. Candles would be placed inside carved squash, pumpkins, and turnips to confuse and drive away evil spirits, which is where the Jack-O-Lantern gets its origins. 

Feasting was also an important part of Samhain celebrations. The community would come together and share in the final harvest. A seat at the head of the table would be left empty for the ancestors of those at the feast. They would be served food and wine, and the dinner was had in total silence. After the fest, the ancestor’s food would be taken out and left in the woods. This is known as a “dumb supper” and is one of the Samhain traditions that has lasted through the centuries.

Samhain and Modern Paganism

Samhain is still celebrated today by pagans of all different practices. Wiccans adopted Samhain into their wheel of the year, and it is generally considered important to many pagan practices for its connection to the changing of seasons as well as the heightened communication with the spirit world. Many Celtic nations still hold a festival for Samhain, especially in Scotland and Ireland, and each has its regional traditions. In all of them, Samhain is known famously as the Witch’s Sabbat: this is a night when witches come together to cast their spells, and they can be seen flying through the night on broomsticks, ravens, and black cats. 

As with all the fire festivals, fire has remained a central theme for modern Samhain rituals. It is used to cleanse and protect homes and people. You can incorporate fire into your practice by lighting a hearth fire, using a candle, or using a corresponding crystal, like Carnelian or Red Jasper if a fire is not possible. Many modern pagans use this time to connect with the dead while the veil is thin. You can create a space for your ancestors at your altar, or call them into any spellwork done on this day. Additionally, divination powers are amplified during Samhain, making predictions more accurate. Matrimonial divination was a popular practice at these festivals, and apples and hazelnuts were used to predict couplings for the next year. 

Whatever your Samhain celebrations look like, you can find all the supplies you need in our supply shop. If you need a place to start, look into one of our Samhain Sabbat boxes, which supply you with seasonal tea, incense, candles, and more tools for you to plan your rituals. You can shop online, or visit our brick-and-mortar store in Asheville, and our experienced staff will help guide you on your journey. 

Informative Witchcraft Blogs

  • Hekate’s Torch: Honouring the Goddess of Witchcraft

    Hekate’s Torch: Honouring the Goddess of Witchcraft

    As the long nights of winter approach, the torch-bearing goddess Hekate appears to us. She is the keeper of the crossroads, the guardian of thresholds, and the guide through shadowed places. November 16th marks a night of venerating this ancient goddess of death, magic, and liminal spaces—a time to honor her as the green life of summer fades and the earth sinks into dormancy. In this darkening season, we call upon Hekate to light the path ahead and to shield us as we move through the frozen stillness of winter.

    Hekate the Lightbringer

    Hekate is often depicted holding a pair of blazing torches, their flames illuminating what lies hidden in the darkness. In Greek mythology, she is the only deity who retained her power when Zeus divided the heavens, earth, and sea—a testament to her strength and autonomy. Her torches appear throughout myth: most famously, she uses them to guide Demeter through the night as the grieving mother searches for Persephone. In this way, Hekate becomes a literal and spiritual light-bringer—one who leads the lost and the sorrowful toward understanding and transformation.

    Over time, Hekate also became linked to the moon, her triple form representing the lunar phases: maiden, mother, and crone. Each face of Hekate corresponds to a stage of the moon’s cycle and to a stage of life itself—birth, maturity, and death, perpetually turning. Her connection to the moon and torches alike reminds us that even in the darkest night, illumination can be found.

    Mullein Torches

    Just as Hekate’s torches pierce the night, so too can the humble Mullein plant be transformed into a source of flame and protection. Mullein is a soft, velvety herb long associated with healing, purification, and banishing negativity. Folk names include Candlewick Plant, Hag’s Taper, and Witch’s Taper—titles that speak to its magical nature and practical use. The tall, dried stalks of Mullein can be dipped in wax or oil to create natural torches, while the fluffy leaves were once used as lamp wicks.

    Traditionally, Mullein has been burned to ward off evil spirits, cleanse sacred space, and promote health and vitality. The herb carries the energy of fire and light, making it a perfect offering or tool in workings that invoke Hekate. At Asheville Raven & Crone, Mullein Tapers are crafted and used for a variety of magical purposes—from protection spells to seasonal rituals of renewal and illumination.

    Invoking Hekate’s Light

    As we journey into the dark half of the year, we can welcome Hekate’s guiding flame into our homes. Lighting a Mullein torch in her honor is both a devotional act and a practical charm. Use it to purify your space, to banish unwelcome energies, and to petition the Goddess’s protection. 

    Let your Mullein torch stand as a symbol of Hekate’s eternal flame—a reminder that the goddess lights the way even in the deepest night. With her torches burning brightly beside us, we move forward through winter not in fear, but in knowing that the light will always return.

    Continue reading
  • Enodia: Hekate of the Crossroads

    Enodia: Hekate of the Crossroads

    Apotropaia, Propulaia, Triodia, Kleidouchos, and Enodia: these are all epithets designated to Hekate, the Hellenic goddess ruling over roads, thresholds, ghosts, the underworld, and much more. “Enodia” is the first epithet used in the Orphic hymn to Hekate, denoting its importance: “I call Hekate of the Crossroads, worshipped at the meeting of three paths, oh lovely one.”

    Enodia or Ἐνοδία translates to “travel” or “in the road”; it is most commonly understood as “of the crossroads” when used in relation to Hekate. This epithet is used when referring to Hekate as a protective guide, and is deeply connected to crossroads, nocturnal travel over land, and protection for travelers. As Enodia, Hekate is Goddess of the night, guidance, protection of the home from outside dangers, the restless dead, and witchcraft. Due to her protective powers and her rulership of roads, images of Hekate were commonly erected at entrances of cities and along busy roads in ancient Greece. 

    How did Hecate come to be known as Enodia?

    As with many pagan deities, Hekate gained her Enodia characteristics through conflation and syncretism with other deities. Enodia is actually a distinct Thessalian goddess with cults across Thessaly, a region on the northeast coast of ancient Greece. She was also called Goddess of Pherai, the center of her most prominent cult.  The Thessalian Ennodia ruled over roads, ghosts, funeral rites, and the sovereignty of cities and groups of people. Due to similar rulership and attributes, Thessalian Ennodia became absorbed into the worship of Hekate across the wider ancient Greek religion.

    Hekate Enodia is best represented in the Homeric myth of Persephone. Hekate observed from her cave the moment Persephone was kidnapped and alerted Demeter. Being the torch-bearing goddess, Hekate helped in the search for Persephone. Once she was found, it was Hekate who guided Persephone out of the underworld, being a liminal goddess who can travel freely between worlds. 

    Enodia in our Modern World

    In many ways, Hekate Enodia is the center of our modern renaissance of Hekatean worship, possessing characteristics that are attractive to modern pagans. As magic practices become more popular, naturally, we would propitiate the Hellenic goddess of witchcraft. Furthermore, being “of the road” can imply being an outsider, intentionally cloistered, or even having nefarious intent, as it contrasts with those who choose to stay within the safety of the home. As a female deity who freely roams liminal spaces, Enodia can represent liberation from patriarchal norms. These aspects speak to the witchy and pagan community as we choose a life path that exists outside of patriarchal standards. 

    As we journey into the dark half of the year, you may call upon Hekate Enodia for spiritual guidance and protection. Samhain, the witch’s new year, is a great time to perform a home cleansing and protection ritual. As you waft incense or herbal smoke through your home, petition Hekate for her protection through the darkness of winter. Another powerful tool for your altar is the mineral Vivianite, known as the “crystal of death”. Vivianite is a mineral found in places of decay, such as graves and bogs. It is formed from decomposed bones, teeth, and iron-rich peat. Vivianite is a transformational mineral, and great for banishing negative energy. Its association with death and decomposition (transformation) makes it a powerful tool for working with Hekate. You can find vivianite, along with all your other spellwork supplies, in our Asheville shop or in our online store.  

    Continue reading